Gender and Sex Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Beyond

Based on the few available data, differences between men and women in the etiology, presentation, processes of care and outcome of CVD have been described but little work has been done in explaining these differences. To explain the differences, we propose a new conceptual framework centered around the following equation: ¡§sex¡¨ + ¡§gender¡¨ ¿± CVD, where the ¡§sex¡¨ determinants are biological and genetic factors and ¡§gender¡¨ determinants are behavioral and environmental factors. Each stage of the disease process may develop, manifest and respond differently in men and women. The reasons for the differences may be related to sex and/or genetic determinants. Our ICE team has experience and expertise to address several aspects of this model. The proposed research program has a 3-year timeline. In year 1, young investigators and students will be recruited. At the end of the first year, investigators and students will present analyses plans and preliminary results. At the end of the second year, they will present their results and propose small operating grants. The third year will focus on knowledge translation and planning the key elements of several large scale projects.