A discontinuous small subunit ribosomal RNA in Tetrahymena pyriformis mitochondria

We show here that in the mitochondria of Tetrahymena pyriformis, the small subunit (SSU) rRNA is discontinuous, being comprised of two separate components which we term 'α' (a novel low molecular weight RNA, ~ 200 nucleotides long) and 'β' (a previously described 14 S RNA). The SSU α rRNA has been sequenced in its entirety; it represents the immediate 5'-terminal domain of conventional SSU rRNA. The sequences at the ends of the SSU β rRNA have also been determined; they show that this molecule corresponds to the 3'-terminal 7/8 of conventional SSU rRNA. A 2.5-kilobase pair XbaI restriction fragment of T. pyriformis mitochondrial DNA which contains the SSU α and SSU β rRNA genes was cloned and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. This revealed that the genes encoding the two segments of SSU rRNA are separated by a 54-base pair (A + T)-rich spacer. The α and β sequences can be fitted to a generalized secondary structure model for eubacterial 16 S rRNA, with the two RNA species associating through long range interactions to form base-paired regions characteristic of SSU rRNA. In this model, the spacer is situated in a region of pronounced primary and secondary structural variation among SSU rRNAs. The significance of these findings with respect to rRNA biosynthesis and processing and the possible evolutionary relationship between spacers and variable regions in rRNA genes is discussed.