Abstract
The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD; https://card.mcmaster.ca) is a curated resource providing reference DNA and protein sequences, detection models and bioinformatics tools on the molecular basis of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). CARD focuses on providing high-quality reference data and molecular sequences within a controlled vocabulary, the Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO), designed by the CARD biocuration team to integrate with software development efforts for resistome analysis and prediction, such as CARD's Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software. Since 2017, CARD has expanded through extensive curation of reference sequences, revision of the ontological structure, curation of over 500 new AMR detection models, development of a new classification paradigm and expansion of analytical tools. Most notably, a new Resistomes & Variants module provides analysis and statistical summary of in silico predicted resistance variants from 82 pathogens and over 100 000 genomes. By adding these resistance variants to CARD, we are able to summarize predicted resistance using the information included in CARD, identify trends in AMR mobility and determine previously undescribed and novel resistance variants. Here, we describe updates and recent expansions to CARD and its biocuration process, including new resources for community biocuration of AMR molecular reference data.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | D517-D525 |
Journal | Nucleic Acids Research |
Volume | 48 |
Issue number | D1 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jan 1 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Canadian Institutes of Health Research [PJT-156214 to A.G.M.]; Genome Canada (to R.G.B., F.S.L.B, W.W.L.H.); Cisco Systems Canada, Inc., Cisco Research Chair in Bioinformatics (to A.G.M.); Ontario Graduate Scholarship (to K.K.T.); McMaster University’s MacDATA Institute Graduate Fellowship (to K.K.T.); Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research (IIDR) Michael Kamin Hart Memorial Scholarship (to K.K.T.); Ontario Graduate Scholarship (to H.L.Z.); Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship (CGS-D) (to E.B.); Donald Hill Family Fellowship in Computer Science (to F.M.); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship (to A.C.P.); Mi-tacs Globalink Research Internship (to A.H-K.); IIDR Summer Student Fellowship (to H-K.T., T.T.Y.L., A.N.S.); McMaster Service Lab; Canada Foundation for Innovation [34531 to A.G.M., in part]. Conflict of interest statement. None declared.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.
ASJC Scopus Subject Areas
- Genetics