COVID-19 pandemic: demographic and clinical correlates of disturbed sleep among 6,041 Canadians

Objectives: Psychological burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to impact sleep negatively. We investigate prevalence and correlates of disturbed sleep among subscribers to Text4Hope a daily supportive text message program launched in Alberta to support residents to deal with stress, anxiety, and depression. Methods: A survey link was sent to Text4Hope subscribers to assess demographic and clinical variables, including disturbed sleep, stress, anxiety, and depression using the third question on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Perceived Stress Scale, Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, and PHQ-9, respectively. Data were analysed using univariate and logistic regression analyses. Results: Overall, 6041 out of 32,805 Text4Hope subscribers completed the survey (18.4% response rate). Prevalence of disturbed sleep was 77.8%. Subscribers aged 41–60 years were twice as likely to present with sleep disturbance compared to individuals ≤25 years (OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.27–2.81). Individuals with moderate/high anxiety and stress symptoms and those with passive death wish/suicidal ideation had higher probability for sleep disturbance [(OR 4.05, 95% CI: 3.33–4.93), (OR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.99–2.94), and (OR 2.39, 95% CI: 1.69–3.38)], respectively. Conclusion: As the pandemic continues, more Canadians are likely to develop sleep problems, an important consideration for planning mental health services.KEY POINTS This is the first study to examine the prevalence rates and demographic and clinical correlates of disturbed sleep in a large sample (n = 6041) of Canadians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prevalence of disturbed sleep was high at 77.8%. Individuals aged 41–60 years were twice as likely to present with sleep disturbance compared to individuals ≤25 years (OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.27–2.81). Individuals with moderate/high anxiety symptoms, moderate/high stress symptoms, and suicidal ideation/thoughts of self-harm had higher likelihood of developing sleep disturbance, compared to individuals lacking these symptoms [(OR 4.05, 95% CI: 3.33–4.93) and (OR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.98–2.94)], respectively. As the pandemic continues, with fear of multiple waves, more Canadians are likely to develop sleep problems, an important consideration for planning the provision of mental health services.