Evolution of the Ly49 and Nkrp1 recognition systems

James R. Carlyle; Aruz Mesci; Jason H. Fine; Peter Chen; Simon Bélanger; Lee Hwa Tai; Andrew P. Makrigiannis

doi:10.1016/j.smim.2008.05.004

Evolution of the Ly49 and Nkrp1 recognition systems

James R. Carlyle, Aruz Mesci, Jason H. Fine, Peter Chen, Simon Bélanger, Lee Hwa Tai, Andrew P. Makrigiannis

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

90 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Ly49 and Nkrp1 loci encode structurally and functionally related cell surface proteins that positively or negatively regulate natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Yet despite their clear relatedness and genetic linkage within the NK gene complex (NKC), these two multi-gene families have adopted dissimilar evolutionary strategies. The Ly49 genes are extremely polymorphic and evolutionarily dynamic, with distinct gene numbers, remarkable allelic diversity, and varying MHC-I-ligand specificities and affinities among different murine haplotypes. In contrast, the Nkrp1 genes have opted for overall conservation of genomic organization, sequences, and ligand specificities, with only limited and focused allelic polymorphism. Possible selection pressures driving such varied evolution of the two gene families may include disequilibrium from ligand co-inheritance, pathogen immunoevasin strategies, flexibility in host counter-evolution mechanisms, and the prevalence and dynamics of inherent repetitive elements.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	321-330
Number of pages	10
Journal	Seminars in Immunology
Volume	20
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2008.05.004
Publication status	Published - Dec 2008
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; FRN 74754 to J.R.C.; FRN 62841 to A.P.M.; and FRN 86630 to J.R.C. and A.P.M.). J.R.C. was supported by a Career Development Award from the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization, and currently holds an Early Researcher Award from the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, a New Investigator Award from the CIHR, and an Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Award from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. A.P.M. is supported by a New Investigator Award from the CIHR and a Junior Level-2 Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec (FRSQ) Award. A.M. was supported by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS) Award; J.H.F. is supported by a Doctoral Post-Graduate Scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); P.C. is supported by an OGS Award; S.B. is supported by a scholarship from the FRSQ. L-H.T. is supported by a CIHR Cancer Training Program scholarship.

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Immunology and Allergy
Immunology

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

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10.1016/j.smim.2008.05.004

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title = "Evolution of the Ly49 and Nkrp1 recognition systems",

abstract = "The Ly49 and Nkrp1 loci encode structurally and functionally related cell surface proteins that positively or negatively regulate natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Yet despite their clear relatedness and genetic linkage within the NK gene complex (NKC), these two multi-gene families have adopted dissimilar evolutionary strategies. The Ly49 genes are extremely polymorphic and evolutionarily dynamic, with distinct gene numbers, remarkable allelic diversity, and varying MHC-I-ligand specificities and affinities among different murine haplotypes. In contrast, the Nkrp1 genes have opted for overall conservation of genomic organization, sequences, and ligand specificities, with only limited and focused allelic polymorphism. Possible selection pressures driving such varied evolution of the two gene families may include disequilibrium from ligand co-inheritance, pathogen immunoevasin strategies, flexibility in host counter-evolution mechanisms, and the prevalence and dynamics of inherent repetitive elements.",

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note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; FRN 74754 to J.R.C.; FRN 62841 to A.P.M.; and FRN 86630 to J.R.C. and A.P.M.). J.R.C. was supported by a Career Development Award from the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization, and currently holds an Early Researcher Award from the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, a New Investigator Award from the CIHR, and an Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Award from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. A.P.M. is supported by a New Investigator Award from the CIHR and a Junior Level-2 Fonds de la recherche en sant{\'e} du Qu{\'e}bec (FRSQ) Award. A.M. was supported by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS) Award; J.H.F. is supported by a Doctoral Post-Graduate Scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); P.C. is supported by an OGS Award; S.B. is supported by a scholarship from the FRSQ. L-H.T. is supported by a CIHR Cancer Training Program scholarship.",

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AU - Tai, Lee Hwa

AU - Makrigiannis, Andrew P.

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N2 - The Ly49 and Nkrp1 loci encode structurally and functionally related cell surface proteins that positively or negatively regulate natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Yet despite their clear relatedness and genetic linkage within the NK gene complex (NKC), these two multi-gene families have adopted dissimilar evolutionary strategies. The Ly49 genes are extremely polymorphic and evolutionarily dynamic, with distinct gene numbers, remarkable allelic diversity, and varying MHC-I-ligand specificities and affinities among different murine haplotypes. In contrast, the Nkrp1 genes have opted for overall conservation of genomic organization, sequences, and ligand specificities, with only limited and focused allelic polymorphism. Possible selection pressures driving such varied evolution of the two gene families may include disequilibrium from ligand co-inheritance, pathogen immunoevasin strategies, flexibility in host counter-evolution mechanisms, and the prevalence and dynamics of inherent repetitive elements.

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Evolution of the Ly49 and Nkrp1 recognition systems

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

PubMed: MeSH publication types

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