TY - JOUR
T1 - Haloacetic acids in drinking water and risk for stillbirth
AU - King, W. D.
AU - Dodds, L.
AU - Allen, A. C.
AU - Armson, B. A.
AU - Fell, D.
AU - Nimrod, C.
PY - 2005/2
Y1 - 2005/2
N2 - Background: Trihalomethanes (THMs) occurring in public drinking water sources have been investigated in several epidemiological studies of fetal death and results support a modest association. Other classes of disinfection by-products found in drinking water have not been investigated. Aims: To investigate the effects of haloacetic acid (HAA) compounds in drinking water on stillbirth risk. Methods: A population based case-control study was conducted in Nova Scotia and Eastern Ontario, Canada. Estimates of daily exposure to total and specific HAAs were based on household water samples and questionnaire information on water consumption at home and work. Results: The analysis included 112 stillbirth cases and 398 live birth controls. In analysis without adjustment for total THM exposure, a relative risk greater than 2 was observed for an intermediate exposure category for total HAA and dichloroacetic acid measures. After adjustment for total THM exposure, the risk estimates for intermediate exposure categories were diminished, the relative risk associated with the highest category was in the direction of a protective effect, and all confidence intervals included the null value. Conclusions: No association was observed between HAA exposures and stillbirth risk alter controlling for THM exposures.
AB - Background: Trihalomethanes (THMs) occurring in public drinking water sources have been investigated in several epidemiological studies of fetal death and results support a modest association. Other classes of disinfection by-products found in drinking water have not been investigated. Aims: To investigate the effects of haloacetic acid (HAA) compounds in drinking water on stillbirth risk. Methods: A population based case-control study was conducted in Nova Scotia and Eastern Ontario, Canada. Estimates of daily exposure to total and specific HAAs were based on household water samples and questionnaire information on water consumption at home and work. Results: The analysis included 112 stillbirth cases and 398 live birth controls. In analysis without adjustment for total THM exposure, a relative risk greater than 2 was observed for an intermediate exposure category for total HAA and dichloroacetic acid measures. After adjustment for total THM exposure, the risk estimates for intermediate exposure categories were diminished, the relative risk associated with the highest category was in the direction of a protective effect, and all confidence intervals included the null value. Conclusions: No association was observed between HAA exposures and stillbirth risk alter controlling for THM exposures.
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U2 - 10.1136/oem.2004.013797
DO - 10.1136/oem.2004.013797
M3 - Article
C2 - 15657195
AN - SCOPUS:12944266916
SN - 1351-0711
VL - 62
SP - 124
EP - 127
JO - Occupational and Environmental Medicine
JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine
IS - 2
ER -
