Immunization governance: Mandatory immunization in 28 Global NITAG Network countries

Shawn H.E. Harmon; David E. Faour; Noni E. MacDonald; Janice E. Graham; Christoph Steffen; Louise Henaff; Stephanie Shendale

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.053

Immunization governance: Mandatory immunization in 28 Global NITAG Network countries

Shawn H.E. Harmon, David E. Faour, Noni E. MacDonald, Janice E. Graham, Christoph Steffen, Louise Henaff, Stephanie Shendale

Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

International trends currently favour greater use of mandatory immunization. There has been little academic consideration or comparison of the existence and scope of mandatory immunization internationally. In this paper, we examine mandatory immunization in 28 Global NITAG (National Immunization Technical Advisory Group) Network (GNN) countries, including countries from every WHO region and World Bank income level classification. We found that although mandatory immunization programs, or mandatory elements within broader immunization programs, are relatively common, jurisdictions vary significantly with respect to the immunizations required, population groups affected, grounds for exemptions, and penalties for non-compliance. We also observed some loose associations with geography and income level. Based on these data, we categorized policies into a spectrum ranging from Narrow to Broad scope.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	7258-7267
Number of pages	10
Journal	Vaccine
Volume	38
Issue number	46
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.053
Publication status	Published - Oct 27 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by the World Health Organization Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals.

Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank the WHO Department of Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals for the funding of this research, as well as for providing translations into English for the texts of a number of very technical legal documents. They also wish to thank the GNN member countries who participated in the survey, and the specific respondents who answered our queries. Funding: This work was supported by the World Health Organization Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Molecular Medicine
General Immunology and Microbiology
General Veterinary
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Infectious Diseases

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.053

Cite this

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abstract = "International trends currently favour greater use of mandatory immunization. There has been little academic consideration or comparison of the existence and scope of mandatory immunization internationally. In this paper, we examine mandatory immunization in 28 Global NITAG (National Immunization Technical Advisory Group) Network (GNN) countries, including countries from every WHO region and World Bank income level classification. We found that although mandatory immunization programs, or mandatory elements within broader immunization programs, are relatively common, jurisdictions vary significantly with respect to the immunizations required, population groups affected, grounds for exemptions, and penalties for non-compliance. We also observed some loose associations with geography and income level. Based on these data, we categorized policies into a spectrum ranging from Narrow to Broad scope.",

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AU - Steffen, Christoph

AU - Henaff, Louise

AU - Shendale, Stephanie

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Immunization governance: Mandatory immunization in 28 Global NITAG Network countries

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

PubMed: MeSH publication types

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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