Low recruitment, high tissue loss, and juvenile mortality limit recovery of kelp following large-scale defoliation

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• alga 20%
• bryozoan 29%
• canopy 10%
• defoliation 100%
• encrustation 17%
• grazing 33%
• loss 39%
• mortality 57%
• persistence 10%
• propagule 15%
• rate 4%
• seawater 8%
• size structure 14%
• snail 13%
• sporophyte 19%
• temperature 14%
• tissue 54%
• trend 6%
• warming 9%
• young 8%

Agriculture & Biology

• algae 20%
• Bryozoa 31%
• canopy 10%
• death 9%
• defoliation 79%
• grazing 30%
• lawns and turf 14%
• macroalgae 74%
• Nova Scotia 15%
• Saccharina latissima 18%
• seawater 11%
• snails 11%
• species recruitment 67%
• sporophytes 15%
• temperature 15%
• tissues 33%
• turf algae 19%