Abstract
Animal migrations typically occur within a predictable time frame and sequence, but little is known about the triggers that initiate migration, despite their importance in animal ecology and for resource management. The migration of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, is an excellent model to study such triggers because for nearly a decade a segment of the late summer stocks has been proceeding into the river as much as 6 weeks earlier than the historic norm. In this study, late-run sockeye salmon (N = 146) were intercepted about 215 km from the mouth of the Fraser River and implanted with radio transmitters. These fish were biopsied, which included drawing blood from the caudal vessels, removing some gill filament tips, and quantifying energetic status using a microwave energy meter. Fish that entered the river without delaying in the estuary were in a more advanced state of reproductive maturation, as evidenced by hormone and energy levels. Indicators of osmoregulatory preparedness (i.e., plasma ions and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity) provided little insight into migration timing aside from greater variation in Na+/K +-ATPase activity in fish that entered early relative to those that held in the ocean. Given the dissimilar reproductive hormone profiles for early arrival into the estuary and early entry into the Fraser River, it appears that only a subset of the population are early migrants and triggers for early migration may be related to a relatively advanced reproductive development and higher energetic status. These findings provide the first assessment of the physiological correlates of migration timing and provide a mechanistic understanding of the proximate factors associated with abnormal migration timing in late-run sockeye salmon.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 747-758 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Behavioral Ecology |
Volume | 19 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2008 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Funding for the telemetry component of the study was provided by a contract to LGL Limited from Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Strategic Grant, NSERC discovery grants to biosampling component); Fraser River E-Watch Program (to biosampling component); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (to S.J.C.); UBC (Izaak Walton Killam postdoctoral fellowships to S.J.C.).
ASJC Scopus Subject Areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
- Animal Science and Zoology