Radial Modulation Imaging of Microbubble Contrast Agents at High Frequency

Emmanuel Chérin; Jeremy Brown; Svein Erik Måsøy; Hamid Shariff; Raffi Karshafian; Ross Williams; Peter N. Burns; F. Stuart Foster

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.11.017

Radial Modulation Imaging of Microbubble Contrast Agents at High Frequency

Emmanuel Chérin, Jeremy Brown, Svein Erik Måsøy, Hamid Shariff, Raffi Karshafian, Ross Williams, Peter N. Burns, F. Stuart Foster

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

34 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this paper, radial modulation imaging of microbubbles is investigated at high frequency. A modulation pulse frequency of 3.7 MHz with an amplitude ranging from 0 to 250 kPa, and a 1.3-MPa 20-MHz broadband imaging pulse were used. Radial modulation effects were observed on a population of flowing microbubbles and quantified using a Doppler-type processing technique. Artifact signals related to the generation of harmonics by bubbles strongly resonating at the modulation frequency were observed. The bubble response to simultaneous modulation and imaging excitations was simulated for different combinations of bubble sizes and modulation amplitudes. Simulation results confirm the hypothesis that the generation of harmonics of the modulation frequency can be detected by the imaging transducer. Simulations indicate that the modulation frequency should be chosen lower than the resonant frequency of the biggest bubbles present in the population. The simulation also suggests that a 10% variation of bubble diameter induced by the modulation excitation is sufficient for radial modulation imaging. In conclusion, the effects of radial modulation are detectable at a high frequency. Therefore, radial modulation imaging has potential for high-resolution imaging of microbubbles in the microvasculature. (E-mail: emmanuel.cherin@sri.utoronto.ca).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	949-962
Number of pages	14
Journal	Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Volume	34
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.11.017
Publication status	Published - Jun 2008
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Support for this work was provided by the National Cancer Institute of Canada with funds from the Terry Fox Foundation, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund and Visualsonics Inc. F. S Foster disclosed a financial interest in Visualsonics.

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Biophysics
Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Acoustics and Ultrasonics

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10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.11.017

Cite this

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title = "Radial Modulation Imaging of Microbubble Contrast Agents at High Frequency",

abstract = "In this paper, radial modulation imaging of microbubbles is investigated at high frequency. A modulation pulse frequency of 3.7 MHz with an amplitude ranging from 0 to 250 kPa, and a 1.3-MPa 20-MHz broadband imaging pulse were used. Radial modulation effects were observed on a population of flowing microbubbles and quantified using a Doppler-type processing technique. Artifact signals related to the generation of harmonics by bubbles strongly resonating at the modulation frequency were observed. The bubble response to simultaneous modulation and imaging excitations was simulated for different combinations of bubble sizes and modulation amplitudes. Simulation results confirm the hypothesis that the generation of harmonics of the modulation frequency can be detected by the imaging transducer. Simulations indicate that the modulation frequency should be chosen lower than the resonant frequency of the biggest bubbles present in the population. The simulation also suggests that a 10% variation of bubble diameter induced by the modulation excitation is sufficient for radial modulation imaging. In conclusion, the effects of radial modulation are detectable at a high frequency. Therefore, radial modulation imaging has potential for high-resolution imaging of microbubbles in the microvasculature. (E-mail: emmanuel.cherin@sri.utoronto.ca).",

author = "Emmanuel Ch{\'e}rin and Jeremy Brown and M{\aa}s{\o}y, {Svein Erik} and Hamid Shariff and Raffi Karshafian and Ross Williams and Burns, {Peter N.} and Foster, {F. Stuart}",

note = "Funding Information: Support for this work was provided by the National Cancer Institute of Canada with funds from the Terry Fox Foundation, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund and Visualsonics Inc. F. S Foster disclosed a financial interest in Visualsonics. ",

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AU - Brown, Jeremy

AU - Måsøy, Svein Erik

AU - Shariff, Hamid

AU - Karshafian, Raffi

AU - Williams, Ross

AU - Burns, Peter N.

AU - Foster, F. Stuart

N1 - Funding Information: Support for this work was provided by the National Cancer Institute of Canada with funds from the Terry Fox Foundation, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund and Visualsonics Inc. F. S Foster disclosed a financial interest in Visualsonics.

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Y1 - 2008/6

N2 - In this paper, radial modulation imaging of microbubbles is investigated at high frequency. A modulation pulse frequency of 3.7 MHz with an amplitude ranging from 0 to 250 kPa, and a 1.3-MPa 20-MHz broadband imaging pulse were used. Radial modulation effects were observed on a population of flowing microbubbles and quantified using a Doppler-type processing technique. Artifact signals related to the generation of harmonics by bubbles strongly resonating at the modulation frequency were observed. The bubble response to simultaneous modulation and imaging excitations was simulated for different combinations of bubble sizes and modulation amplitudes. Simulation results confirm the hypothesis that the generation of harmonics of the modulation frequency can be detected by the imaging transducer. Simulations indicate that the modulation frequency should be chosen lower than the resonant frequency of the biggest bubbles present in the population. The simulation also suggests that a 10% variation of bubble diameter induced by the modulation excitation is sufficient for radial modulation imaging. In conclusion, the effects of radial modulation are detectable at a high frequency. Therefore, radial modulation imaging has potential for high-resolution imaging of microbubbles in the microvasculature. (E-mail: emmanuel.cherin@sri.utoronto.ca).

AB - In this paper, radial modulation imaging of microbubbles is investigated at high frequency. A modulation pulse frequency of 3.7 MHz with an amplitude ranging from 0 to 250 kPa, and a 1.3-MPa 20-MHz broadband imaging pulse were used. Radial modulation effects were observed on a population of flowing microbubbles and quantified using a Doppler-type processing technique. Artifact signals related to the generation of harmonics by bubbles strongly resonating at the modulation frequency were observed. The bubble response to simultaneous modulation and imaging excitations was simulated for different combinations of bubble sizes and modulation amplitudes. Simulation results confirm the hypothesis that the generation of harmonics of the modulation frequency can be detected by the imaging transducer. Simulations indicate that the modulation frequency should be chosen lower than the resonant frequency of the biggest bubbles present in the population. The simulation also suggests that a 10% variation of bubble diameter induced by the modulation excitation is sufficient for radial modulation imaging. In conclusion, the effects of radial modulation are detectable at a high frequency. Therefore, radial modulation imaging has potential for high-resolution imaging of microbubbles in the microvasculature. (E-mail: emmanuel.cherin@sri.utoronto.ca).

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Radial Modulation Imaging of Microbubble Contrast Agents at High Frequency

Abstract

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ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

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