The Evolving Role of Minimally Invasive Surgery in Pediatric and Adolescent Urologic Oncology

Objective This review aims at evaluating the current status of minimally invasive surgery at the difficult crossroad between the attractiveness of innovation faced against the solid outcomes offered by the current gold standard, specifically concerning pediatric and adolescent urologic oncology conditions. Methods This is a critical review of the literature and current paradigms on the use of minimally invasive surgery for pediatric and adolescent urologic oncology cancers. Focus is mainly on the use of laparoscopy for the treatment of Wilms' tumors but other neoplasms are also discussed. Results We draw parallels with other similar pathologies, respecting critical lessons from international cooperative study groups. We discuss various aspects of the pros and cons of minimally invasive surgery in this patient population and make a case for the development of dedicated pediatric surgeons for urologic cancer. Conclusion Herein we draft a proposal suggesting a way forward with the adoption of reasonable paradigm shifts founded on carefully conducted studies for the introduction of minimally invasive surgery in the care of pediatric and adolescent urologic cancer.