The Prevalence and Characteristics of Non-Transports in a Provincial Emergency Medical Services System: A Population-Based Study

Background: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) provide patients with out-of-hospital care, but not all patients are transported to the hospital. Non-transport represents an often undefined yet potentially significant risk for poor clinical outcomes. Few North American studies have quantified this risk. Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of non-transport and 48-h adverse event (composite of relapse responses that resulted in transport or death) and to identify characteristics associated with either outcome. Methods: An analysis of pooled cross-sectional, population-based administrative data from the provincial EMS electronic charting system in 2014 was conducted. Determination of non-transport was based on recorded call outcome. The data were searched by patient identifiers to determine the 48-h adverse event rate. Paramedic-documented patient, operational, and environmental characteristics were included in the logistic regression models. Results: Of 74,293 emergency responses, 14,072 (18.9%) were non-transport and, of those, 798 (5.6%) resulted in a 48-h adverse event. The characteristics statistically significantly and independently associated with non-transport and 48-h adverse event were younger age (odds ratio [OR] 1.72; 99.9% confidence interval [CI] 1.46–2.02), nonspecific paramedic clinical impression (OR 5; 99.9% CI 4.48–5.57), more than 7 comorbidities (OR 0.47; 99.9% CI 0.42–0.53), and incident location (jail) (OR 2.88; 99.9% CI 2.22–3.74). Conclusions: This study provides an estimate of prevalence of non-transports and 48-h adverse event in a provincial mixed rural–urban EMS system. The results of this study describe the scope of non-transport and present several characteristics associated with non-transport. Future study should examine the appropriateness of EMS responses and methods to mitigate risk of adverse event after non-transport.