Eating Timing and Frequency as a Predictor of Hospitalization and/or Mortality From Coronary Artery Disease: The Linked CCHS-DAD-CMDB 2004-2013 Study

Allie S. Carew; Rania A. Mekary; Susan Kirkland; Olga Theou; Robin Urquhart; Ratika Parkash; Leah E. Cahill

doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2022.03.011

Eating Timing and Frequency as a Predictor of Hospitalization and/or Mortality From Coronary Artery Disease: The Linked CCHS-DAD-CMDB 2004-2013 Study

Allie S. Carew, Rania A. Mekary, Susan Kirkland, Olga Theou, Robin Urquhart, Ratika Parkash, Leah E. Cahill

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Resumen

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major overlapping challenge in both clinical and public health realms due to high rates of hospitalization and mortality. Despite nutrition being a key risk factor for CAD, little is known about eating timing and frequency in Canadians or their relation to risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD. Methods: Breakfast consumption, between-meal consumption, eating frequency, and established CAD risk factors were assessed at baseline in 13,328 adults free of cancer and CAD from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, Nutrition Focus and were linked to administrative health databases to determine incidence of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD in the following 9 years. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals estimated from Cox proportional hazards models were computed to test for associations between eating timing/frequency and hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD (n = 746 cases). Results: Skipping breakfast (12.0% of participants) and engaging in between-meal consumption (90.2%) were common practices, as was eating 4-5 times per day (55.2%). Skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, and eating more or less than 4-5 times/day were strongly and bi-directionally associated with many sociodemographic, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors at baseline. No associations were observed between skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, or eating frequency and risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD. Conclusions: Skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, and eating frequency were associated with numerous established risk and preventative factors for CAD at baseline but were not directly associated with the risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD in this cohort of Canadian adults.

Idioma original	English
Publicación	CJC Open
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjco.2022.03.011
Estado	Accepted/In press - 2022

Nota bibliográfica

Funding Information:
The authors sincerely thank Statistics Canada for providing access to the data. We also thank the staff and participants of the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, Nutrition Focus (CCHS 2.2). This study was funded by a Development/Innovative Grant from the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation (to L.E.C.). The funding sources were not involved in data collection, data analysis, or manuscript drafting. Although this research is based on data obtained from Statistics Canada, the observations and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent those of Statistics Canada. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Ethics Statement: Statistics Canada granted ethical approval and access to the de-identified linked dataset for the present project (under project number 18-SSH-DAL-5581).

Funding Information:
This study was funded by a Development/Innovative Grant from the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation (to L.E.C.). The funding sources were not involved in data collection, data analysis, or manuscript drafting. Although this research is based on data obtained from Statistics Canada, the observations and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent those of Statistics Canada.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Journal Article

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title = "Eating Timing and Frequency as a Predictor of Hospitalization and/or Mortality From Coronary Artery Disease: The Linked CCHS-DAD-CMDB 2004-2013 Study",

abstract = "Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major overlapping challenge in both clinical and public health realms due to high rates of hospitalization and mortality. Despite nutrition being a key risk factor for CAD, little is known about eating timing and frequency in Canadians or their relation to risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD. Methods: Breakfast consumption, between-meal consumption, eating frequency, and established CAD risk factors were assessed at baseline in 13,328 adults free of cancer and CAD from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, Nutrition Focus and were linked to administrative health databases to determine incidence of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD in the following 9 years. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals estimated from Cox proportional hazards models were computed to test for associations between eating timing/frequency and hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD (n = 746 cases). Results: Skipping breakfast (12.0% of participants) and engaging in between-meal consumption (90.2%) were common practices, as was eating 4-5 times per day (55.2%). Skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, and eating more or less than 4-5 times/day were strongly and bi-directionally associated with many sociodemographic, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors at baseline. No associations were observed between skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, or eating frequency and risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD. Conclusions: Skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, and eating frequency were associated with numerous established risk and preventative factors for CAD at baseline but were not directly associated with the risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD in this cohort of Canadian adults.",

author = "Carew, {Allie S.} and Mekary, {Rania A.} and Susan Kirkland and Olga Theou and Robin Urquhart and Ratika Parkash and Cahill, {Leah E.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors sincerely thank Statistics Canada for providing access to the data. We also thank the staff and participants of the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, Nutrition Focus (CCHS 2.2). This study was funded by a Development/Innovative Grant from the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation (to L.E.C.). The funding sources were not involved in data collection, data analysis, or manuscript drafting. Although this research is based on data obtained from Statistics Canada, the observations and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent those of Statistics Canada. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Ethics Statement: Statistics Canada granted ethical approval and access to the de-identified linked dataset for the present project (under project number 18-SSH-DAL-5581). Funding Information: This study was funded by a Development/Innovative Grant from the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation (to L.E.C.). The funding sources were not involved in data collection, data analysis, or manuscript drafting. Although this research is based on data obtained from Statistics Canada, the observations and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent those of Statistics Canada. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.1016/j.cjco.2022.03.011",

language = "English",

journal = "CJC Open",

issn = "2589-790X",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Eating Timing and Frequency as a Predictor of Hospitalization and/or Mortality From Coronary Artery Disease

T2 - The Linked CCHS-DAD-CMDB 2004-2013 Study

AU - Carew, Allie S.

AU - Mekary, Rania A.

AU - Kirkland, Susan

AU - Theou, Olga

AU - Urquhart, Robin

AU - Parkash, Ratika

AU - Cahill, Leah E.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors sincerely thank Statistics Canada for providing access to the data. We also thank the staff and participants of the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, Nutrition Focus (CCHS 2.2). This study was funded by a Development/Innovative Grant from the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation (to L.E.C.). The funding sources were not involved in data collection, data analysis, or manuscript drafting. Although this research is based on data obtained from Statistics Canada, the observations and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent those of Statistics Canada. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Ethics Statement: Statistics Canada granted ethical approval and access to the de-identified linked dataset for the present project (under project number 18-SSH-DAL-5581). Funding Information: This study was funded by a Development/Innovative Grant from the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation (to L.E.C.). The funding sources were not involved in data collection, data analysis, or manuscript drafting. Although this research is based on data obtained from Statistics Canada, the observations and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent those of Statistics Canada. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major overlapping challenge in both clinical and public health realms due to high rates of hospitalization and mortality. Despite nutrition being a key risk factor for CAD, little is known about eating timing and frequency in Canadians or their relation to risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD. Methods: Breakfast consumption, between-meal consumption, eating frequency, and established CAD risk factors were assessed at baseline in 13,328 adults free of cancer and CAD from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, Nutrition Focus and were linked to administrative health databases to determine incidence of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD in the following 9 years. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals estimated from Cox proportional hazards models were computed to test for associations between eating timing/frequency and hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD (n = 746 cases). Results: Skipping breakfast (12.0% of participants) and engaging in between-meal consumption (90.2%) were common practices, as was eating 4-5 times per day (55.2%). Skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, and eating more or less than 4-5 times/day were strongly and bi-directionally associated with many sociodemographic, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors at baseline. No associations were observed between skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, or eating frequency and risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD. Conclusions: Skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, and eating frequency were associated with numerous established risk and preventative factors for CAD at baseline but were not directly associated with the risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD in this cohort of Canadian adults.

AB - Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major overlapping challenge in both clinical and public health realms due to high rates of hospitalization and mortality. Despite nutrition being a key risk factor for CAD, little is known about eating timing and frequency in Canadians or their relation to risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD. Methods: Breakfast consumption, between-meal consumption, eating frequency, and established CAD risk factors were assessed at baseline in 13,328 adults free of cancer and CAD from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, Nutrition Focus and were linked to administrative health databases to determine incidence of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD in the following 9 years. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals estimated from Cox proportional hazards models were computed to test for associations between eating timing/frequency and hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD (n = 746 cases). Results: Skipping breakfast (12.0% of participants) and engaging in between-meal consumption (90.2%) were common practices, as was eating 4-5 times per day (55.2%). Skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, and eating more or less than 4-5 times/day were strongly and bi-directionally associated with many sociodemographic, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors at baseline. No associations were observed between skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, or eating frequency and risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD. Conclusions: Skipping breakfast, between-meal consumption, and eating frequency were associated with numerous established risk and preventative factors for CAD at baseline but were not directly associated with the risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD in this cohort of Canadian adults.

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Eating Timing and Frequency as a Predictor of Hospitalization and/or Mortality From Coronary Artery Disease: The Linked CCHS-DAD-CMDB 2004-2013 Study

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