Effects of dry heat on the germinability and viability of Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium) cypselas: Interpopulation and interposition variation

Agriculture & Biology

• Onopordum acanthium 99%
• viability 42%
• germination 40%
• heat 31%
• Onopordum 16%
• cypsela 16%
• disturbed land 15%
• imbibition 11%
• pericarp 10%
• waxes 9%
• agricultural land 9%
• embryo (plant) 8%
• ambient temperature 7%
• seedlings 5%
• fruits 5%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• interpopulation variation 100%
• germination 64%
• viability 52%
• effect 13%
• rate 12%
• imbibition 11%
• wax 10%
• embryo 9%
• seedling 9%
• fruit 9%
• agricultural land 7%
• crack 7%
• experiment 7%
• heating 6%
• temperature 3%