Resumen
Viruses saturate environments throughout the world and play key roles in microbial food webs, yet how viral activities affect dissolved organic matter (DOM) processing in natural environments remains elusive. We established a large-scale long-term macrocosm experiment to explore viral dynamics and their potential impacts on microbial mortality and DOM quantity and quality in starved and stratified ecosystems. High viral infection dynamics and the virus-induced cell lysis (6.23–64.68% d−1) was found in the starved seawater macrocosm, which contributed to a significant transformation of microbial biomass into DOM (0.72–5.32 μg L−1 d−1). In the stratified macrocosm, a substantial amount of viral lysate DOM (2.43–17.87 μg L−1 d−1) was released into the upper riverine water, and viral lysis and DOM release (0.35–5.75 μg L−1 d−1) were reduced in the mixed water layer between riverine water and seawater. Viral lysis was stimulated at the bottom of stratified macrocosm, potentially fueled by the sinking of particulate organic carbon. Significant positive and negative associations between lytic viral production and different fluorescent DOM components were found in the starved and stratified macrocosm, indicating the potentially complex viral impacts on the production and utilization of DOM. Results also revealed the significant viral contribution to pools of both relatively higher molecular weight labile DOM and lower molecular weight recalcitrant DOM. Our study suggests that viruses have heterogeneous impact on the cycling and fate of DOM in aquatic environments.
Idioma original | English |
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Número de artículo | 106950 |
Publicación | Environment international |
Volumen | 158 |
DOI | |
Estado | Published - ene. 2022 |
Nota bibliográfica
Funding Information:This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91951209 and 41861144018) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA06083000). Xiaowei Chen was supported by the Ph.D. Fellowship of the State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science at Xiamen University. The authors wish to thank Prof. Hugh Macintyre, Dr. Qiang Shi, Steve Fowler, Claire Normandeau, Jia Sun, Jiezhen Xie and Ran Li for their assistance in the experiment.
Funding Information:
This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91951209 and 41861144018) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA06083000). Xiaowei Chen was supported by the Ph.D. Fellowship of the State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science at Xiamen University. The authors wish to thank Prof. Hugh Macintyre, Dr. Qiang Shi, Steve Fowler, Claire Normandeau, Jia Sun, Jiezhen Xie and Ran Li for their assistance in the experiment. N.J. and R.Z. designed and coordinated the study. X.C. X.X. C.H. and L.Z. performed the experiments. X.C. W.W. and R.Z. analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript with contributions from all co-authors. All authors contributed to the data set, discussed the results and suggested the improvements on the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
ASJC Scopus Subject Areas
- General Environmental Science
PubMed: MeSH publication types
- Journal Article
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't