Large-Scale Variability of Physical and Biological Sea-Ice Properties in Polar Oceans

Giulia Castellani; Fokje L. Schaafsma; Stefanie Arndt; Benjamin A. Lange; Ilka Peeken; Julia Ehrlich; Carmen David; Robert Ricker; Thomas Krumpen; Stefan Hendricks; Sandra Schwegmann; Philippe Massicotte; Hauke Flores

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00536

Large-Scale Variability of Physical and Biological Sea-Ice Properties in Polar Oceans

Giulia Castellani, Fokje L. Schaafsma, Stefanie Arndt, Benjamin A. Lange, Ilka Peeken, Julia Ehrlich, Carmen David, Robert Ricker, Thomas Krumpen, Stefan Hendricks, Sandra Schwegmann, Philippe Massicotte, Hauke Flores

Medicine

Producción científica: Contribución a una revista › Artículo › revisión exhaustiva

31 Citas (Scopus)

Resumen

In this study, we present unique data collected with a Surface and Under-Ice Trawl (SUIT) during five campaigns between 2012 and 2017, covering the spring to summer and autumn transition in the Arctic Ocean, and the seasons of winter and summer in the Southern Ocean. The SUIT was equipped with a sensor array from which we retrieved: sea-ice thickness, the light field at the underside of sea ice, chlorophyll a concentration in the ice (in-ice chl a), and the salinity, temperature, and chl a concentration of the under-ice water. With an average trawl distance of about 2 km, and a global transect length of more than 117 km in both polar regions, the present work represents the first multi-seasonal habitat characterization based on kilometer-scale profiles. The present data highlight regional and seasonal patterns in sea-ice properties in the Polar Ocean. Light transmittance through Arctic sea ice reached almost 100% in summer, when the ice was thinner and melt ponds spread over the ice surface. However, the daily integrated amount of light under sea ice was maximum in spring. Compared to the Arctic, Antarctic sea-ice was thinner, snow depth was thicker, and sea-ice properties were more uniform between seasons. Light transmittance was low in winter with maximum transmittance of 73%. Despite thicker snow depth, the overall under-ice light was considerably higher during Antarctic summer than during Arctic summer. Spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that Arctic sea ice was characterized by larger floes compared to the Antarctic. In both Polar regions, the patch size of the transmittance followed the spatial variability of sea-ice thickness. In-ice chl a in the Arctic Ocean remained below 0.39 mg chl a m⁻², whereas it exceeded 7 mg chl a m⁻² during Antarctic winter, when water chl a concentrations remained below 1.5 mg chl a m⁻², thus highlighting its potential as an important carbon source for overwintering organisms. The data analyzed in this study can improve large-scale physical and ecosystem models, habitat mapping studies and time series analyzed in the context of climate change effects and marine management.

Idioma original	English
Número de artículo	536
Publicación	Frontiers in Marine Science
Volumen	7
DOI	https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00536
Estado	Published - ago. 12 2020

Nota bibliográfica

Funding Information:
We thank Captain Uwe Pahl, Captain Stefan Schwarze, Captain Thomas Wunderlich, and the crews of the RV Polarstern. We thank the scientific cruise leaders Antje Boetius (PS80), Bettina Meyer (PS81), Olaf Boebel (PS89), IP (PS92), and Andreas Macke and HF (PS106) for their excellent support and guidance with work at sea. We thank Jan Andries van Franeker (WUR) for kindly providing the Surface and Under-Ice Trawl (SUIT) and Michiel van Dorssen for technical support. The sampling with the SUIT, and on the ice, would have not been possible without the help of many volunteers during each expedition. Funding. This study was primarily funded by the Helmholtz Association through the Young Investigators Group Iceflux (VH-NG-800) and the Research Program PACES II. RR was financed by the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Sea Ice project SK-ESA-2012-12. Antarctic research by Wageningen Marine Research is commissioned by the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV) under its Statutory Research Task Nature & Environment WOT-04-009-047.04. The Netherlands Polar Programme (NPP), managed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) funded this research under project nr. ALW 866.13.009. SA was financed by the German Research Council (DFG) in the framework of the priority programme Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas by grant to SPP1158, AR1236/1, and the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung. Part of this work resulted from the EcoLight project (grant number 03V01465), part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, jointly funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). JE was funded by the national scholarships Promotionsstipendium nach dem Hamburger Nachwuchsfördergesetz (HmbNFG) and Gleichstellungsfond 2017 (4-GLF-2017), both granted by the University of Hamburg.

Funding Information:
This study was primarily funded by the Helmholtz Association through the Young Investigators Group Iceflux (VH-NG-800) and the Research Program PACES II. RR was financed by the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Sea Ice project SK-ESA-2012-12. Antarctic research by Wageningen Marine Research is commissioned by the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV) under its Statutory Research Task Nature & Environment WOT-04-009-047.04. The Netherlands Polar Programme (NPP), managed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) funded this research under project nr. ALW 866.13.009. SA was financed by the German Research Council (DFG) in the framework of the priority programme Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas by grant to SPP1158, AR1236/1, and the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung. Part of this work resulted from the EcoLight project (grant number 03V01465), part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, jointly funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). JE was funded by the national scholarships “Promotionsstipendium nach dem Hamburger Nachwuchsfördergesetz (HmbNFG)” and “Gleichstellungsfond 2017 (4-GLF-2017)”, both granted by the University of Hamburg.

Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Castellani, Schaafsma, Arndt, Lange, Peeken, Ehrlich, David, Ricker, Krumpen, Hendricks, Schwegmann, Massicotte and Flores.

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Oceanography
Global and Planetary Change
Aquatic Science
Water Science and Technology
Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
Ocean Engineering

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@article{6746a916d34a45d5ad415abb94fe360d,

title = "Large-Scale Variability of Physical and Biological Sea-Ice Properties in Polar Oceans",

abstract = "In this study, we present unique data collected with a Surface and Under-Ice Trawl (SUIT) during five campaigns between 2012 and 2017, covering the spring to summer and autumn transition in the Arctic Ocean, and the seasons of winter and summer in the Southern Ocean. The SUIT was equipped with a sensor array from which we retrieved: sea-ice thickness, the light field at the underside of sea ice, chlorophyll a concentration in the ice (in-ice chl a), and the salinity, temperature, and chl a concentration of the under-ice water. With an average trawl distance of about 2 km, and a global transect length of more than 117 km in both polar regions, the present work represents the first multi-seasonal habitat characterization based on kilometer-scale profiles. The present data highlight regional and seasonal patterns in sea-ice properties in the Polar Ocean. Light transmittance through Arctic sea ice reached almost 100% in summer, when the ice was thinner and melt ponds spread over the ice surface. However, the daily integrated amount of light under sea ice was maximum in spring. Compared to the Arctic, Antarctic sea-ice was thinner, snow depth was thicker, and sea-ice properties were more uniform between seasons. Light transmittance was low in winter with maximum transmittance of 73%. Despite thicker snow depth, the overall under-ice light was considerably higher during Antarctic summer than during Arctic summer. Spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that Arctic sea ice was characterized by larger floes compared to the Antarctic. In both Polar regions, the patch size of the transmittance followed the spatial variability of sea-ice thickness. In-ice chl a in the Arctic Ocean remained below 0.39 mg chl a m−2, whereas it exceeded 7 mg chl a m−2 during Antarctic winter, when water chl a concentrations remained below 1.5 mg chl a m−2, thus highlighting its potential as an important carbon source for overwintering organisms. The data analyzed in this study can improve large-scale physical and ecosystem models, habitat mapping studies and time series analyzed in the context of climate change effects and marine management.",

author = "Giulia Castellani and Schaafsma, {Fokje L.} and Stefanie Arndt and Lange, {Benjamin A.} and Ilka Peeken and Julia Ehrlich and Carmen David and Robert Ricker and Thomas Krumpen and Stefan Hendricks and Sandra Schwegmann and Philippe Massicotte and Hauke Flores",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Captain Uwe Pahl, Captain Stefan Schwarze, Captain Thomas Wunderlich, and the crews of the RV Polarstern. We thank the scientific cruise leaders Antje Boetius (PS80), Bettina Meyer (PS81), Olaf Boebel (PS89), IP (PS92), and Andreas Macke and HF (PS106) for their excellent support and guidance with work at sea. We thank Jan Andries van Franeker (WUR) for kindly providing the Surface and Under-Ice Trawl (SUIT) and Michiel van Dorssen for technical support. The sampling with the SUIT, and on the ice, would have not been possible without the help of many volunteers during each expedition. Funding. This study was primarily funded by the Helmholtz Association through the Young Investigators Group Iceflux (VH-NG-800) and the Research Program PACES II. RR was financed by the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Sea Ice project SK-ESA-2012-12. Antarctic research by Wageningen Marine Research is commissioned by the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV) under its Statutory Research Task Nature & Environment WOT-04-009-047.04. The Netherlands Polar Programme (NPP), managed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) funded this research under project nr. ALW 866.13.009. SA was financed by the German Research Council (DFG) in the framework of the priority programme Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas by grant to SPP1158, AR1236/1, and the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Polar- und Meeresforschung. Part of this work resulted from the EcoLight project (grant number 03V01465), part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, jointly funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). JE was funded by the national scholarships Promotionsstipendium nach dem Hamburger Nachwuchsf{\"o}rdergesetz (HmbNFG) and Gleichstellungsfond 2017 (4-GLF-2017), both granted by the University of Hamburg. Funding Information: This study was primarily funded by the Helmholtz Association through the Young Investigators Group Iceflux (VH-NG-800) and the Research Program PACES II. RR was financed by the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Sea Ice project SK-ESA-2012-12. Antarctic research by Wageningen Marine Research is commissioned by the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV) under its Statutory Research Task Nature & Environment WOT-04-009-047.04. The Netherlands Polar Programme (NPP), managed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) funded this research under project nr. ALW 866.13.009. SA was financed by the German Research Council (DFG) in the framework of the priority programme Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas by grant to SPP1158, AR1236/1, and the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Polar-und Meeresforschung. Part of this work resulted from the EcoLight project (grant number 03V01465), part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, jointly funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). JE was funded by the national scholarships “Promotionsstipendium nach dem Hamburger Nachwuchsf{\"o}rdergesetz (HmbNFG)” and “Gleichstellungsfond 2017 (4-GLF-2017)”, both granted by the University of Hamburg. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 Castellani, Schaafsma, Arndt, Lange, Peeken, Ehrlich, David, Ricker, Krumpen, Hendricks, Schwegmann, Massicotte and Flores.",

year = "2020",

month = aug,

day = "12",

doi = "10.3389/fmars.2020.00536",

language = "English",

volume = "7",

journal = "Frontiers in Marine Science",

issn = "2296-7745",

publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Large-Scale Variability of Physical and Biological Sea-Ice Properties in Polar Oceans

AU - Castellani, Giulia

AU - Schaafsma, Fokje L.

AU - Arndt, Stefanie

AU - Lange, Benjamin A.

AU - Peeken, Ilka

AU - Ehrlich, Julia

AU - David, Carmen

AU - Ricker, Robert

AU - Krumpen, Thomas

AU - Hendricks, Stefan

AU - Schwegmann, Sandra

AU - Massicotte, Philippe

AU - Flores, Hauke

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Captain Uwe Pahl, Captain Stefan Schwarze, Captain Thomas Wunderlich, and the crews of the RV Polarstern. We thank the scientific cruise leaders Antje Boetius (PS80), Bettina Meyer (PS81), Olaf Boebel (PS89), IP (PS92), and Andreas Macke and HF (PS106) for their excellent support and guidance with work at sea. We thank Jan Andries van Franeker (WUR) for kindly providing the Surface and Under-Ice Trawl (SUIT) and Michiel van Dorssen for technical support. The sampling with the SUIT, and on the ice, would have not been possible without the help of many volunteers during each expedition. Funding. This study was primarily funded by the Helmholtz Association through the Young Investigators Group Iceflux (VH-NG-800) and the Research Program PACES II. RR was financed by the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Sea Ice project SK-ESA-2012-12. Antarctic research by Wageningen Marine Research is commissioned by the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV) under its Statutory Research Task Nature & Environment WOT-04-009-047.04. The Netherlands Polar Programme (NPP), managed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) funded this research under project nr. ALW 866.13.009. SA was financed by the German Research Council (DFG) in the framework of the priority programme Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas by grant to SPP1158, AR1236/1, and the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung. Part of this work resulted from the EcoLight project (grant number 03V01465), part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, jointly funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). JE was funded by the national scholarships Promotionsstipendium nach dem Hamburger Nachwuchsfördergesetz (HmbNFG) and Gleichstellungsfond 2017 (4-GLF-2017), both granted by the University of Hamburg. Funding Information: This study was primarily funded by the Helmholtz Association through the Young Investigators Group Iceflux (VH-NG-800) and the Research Program PACES II. RR was financed by the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Sea Ice project SK-ESA-2012-12. Antarctic research by Wageningen Marine Research is commissioned by the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV) under its Statutory Research Task Nature & Environment WOT-04-009-047.04. The Netherlands Polar Programme (NPP), managed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) funded this research under project nr. ALW 866.13.009. SA was financed by the German Research Council (DFG) in the framework of the priority programme Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas by grant to SPP1158, AR1236/1, and the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung. Part of this work resulted from the EcoLight project (grant number 03V01465), part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, jointly funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). JE was funded by the national scholarships “Promotionsstipendium nach dem Hamburger Nachwuchsfördergesetz (HmbNFG)” and “Gleichstellungsfond 2017 (4-GLF-2017)”, both granted by the University of Hamburg. Publisher Copyright: © Copyright © 2020 Castellani, Schaafsma, Arndt, Lange, Peeken, Ehrlich, David, Ricker, Krumpen, Hendricks, Schwegmann, Massicotte and Flores.

PY - 2020/8/12

Y1 - 2020/8/12

N2 - In this study, we present unique data collected with a Surface and Under-Ice Trawl (SUIT) during five campaigns between 2012 and 2017, covering the spring to summer and autumn transition in the Arctic Ocean, and the seasons of winter and summer in the Southern Ocean. The SUIT was equipped with a sensor array from which we retrieved: sea-ice thickness, the light field at the underside of sea ice, chlorophyll a concentration in the ice (in-ice chl a), and the salinity, temperature, and chl a concentration of the under-ice water. With an average trawl distance of about 2 km, and a global transect length of more than 117 km in both polar regions, the present work represents the first multi-seasonal habitat characterization based on kilometer-scale profiles. The present data highlight regional and seasonal patterns in sea-ice properties in the Polar Ocean. Light transmittance through Arctic sea ice reached almost 100% in summer, when the ice was thinner and melt ponds spread over the ice surface. However, the daily integrated amount of light under sea ice was maximum in spring. Compared to the Arctic, Antarctic sea-ice was thinner, snow depth was thicker, and sea-ice properties were more uniform between seasons. Light transmittance was low in winter with maximum transmittance of 73%. Despite thicker snow depth, the overall under-ice light was considerably higher during Antarctic summer than during Arctic summer. Spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that Arctic sea ice was characterized by larger floes compared to the Antarctic. In both Polar regions, the patch size of the transmittance followed the spatial variability of sea-ice thickness. In-ice chl a in the Arctic Ocean remained below 0.39 mg chl a m−2, whereas it exceeded 7 mg chl a m−2 during Antarctic winter, when water chl a concentrations remained below 1.5 mg chl a m−2, thus highlighting its potential as an important carbon source for overwintering organisms. The data analyzed in this study can improve large-scale physical and ecosystem models, habitat mapping studies and time series analyzed in the context of climate change effects and marine management.

AB - In this study, we present unique data collected with a Surface and Under-Ice Trawl (SUIT) during five campaigns between 2012 and 2017, covering the spring to summer and autumn transition in the Arctic Ocean, and the seasons of winter and summer in the Southern Ocean. The SUIT was equipped with a sensor array from which we retrieved: sea-ice thickness, the light field at the underside of sea ice, chlorophyll a concentration in the ice (in-ice chl a), and the salinity, temperature, and chl a concentration of the under-ice water. With an average trawl distance of about 2 km, and a global transect length of more than 117 km in both polar regions, the present work represents the first multi-seasonal habitat characterization based on kilometer-scale profiles. The present data highlight regional and seasonal patterns in sea-ice properties in the Polar Ocean. Light transmittance through Arctic sea ice reached almost 100% in summer, when the ice was thinner and melt ponds spread over the ice surface. However, the daily integrated amount of light under sea ice was maximum in spring. Compared to the Arctic, Antarctic sea-ice was thinner, snow depth was thicker, and sea-ice properties were more uniform between seasons. Light transmittance was low in winter with maximum transmittance of 73%. Despite thicker snow depth, the overall under-ice light was considerably higher during Antarctic summer than during Arctic summer. Spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that Arctic sea ice was characterized by larger floes compared to the Antarctic. In both Polar regions, the patch size of the transmittance followed the spatial variability of sea-ice thickness. In-ice chl a in the Arctic Ocean remained below 0.39 mg chl a m−2, whereas it exceeded 7 mg chl a m−2 during Antarctic winter, when water chl a concentrations remained below 1.5 mg chl a m−2, thus highlighting its potential as an important carbon source for overwintering organisms. The data analyzed in this study can improve large-scale physical and ecosystem models, habitat mapping studies and time series analyzed in the context of climate change effects and marine management.

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Large-Scale Variability of Physical and Biological Sea-Ice Properties in Polar Oceans

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ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

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