Resumen
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower cognitive ability have been linked with increased likelihood of exposure to adversity. We hypothesized that these associations may be partly due to genetic factors. Methods: We calculated polygenic scores for ADHD and intelligence and assessed psychopathology and general cognitive ability in a sample of 297 youth aged 5–27 years enriched for offspring of parents with mood and psychotic disorders. We calculated an adversity score as a mean of 10 indicators, including socio-economic disadvantage, childhood maltreatment and bullying. We tested the effects of polygenic scores, externalizing symptoms and IQ on adversity scores using mixed-effects linear regression. Results: Externalizing symptoms and general cognitive ability showed expected positive and negative relationships with adversity, respectively. Polygenic scores for intelligence were unrelated to adversity, but polygenic scores for ADHD were associated with adversity (β = 0.23, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.34, p <.0001). ADHD polygenic scores uniquely explained 4.0% of variance in adversity score. The relationship between polygenic scores for ADHD and adversity was independently significant among individuals with (β = 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.75, p <.0001) and without (β = 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.26, p =.022) ADHD. Conclusions: A genetic score indexing liability to ADHD was associated with exposure to adversity in early life. Previously observed associations between externalizing symptoms, lower cognitive ability and adversity may be partially attributed to genetic liability to ADHD.
| Idioma original | English |
|---|---|
| Páginas (desde-hasta) | 536-544 |
| Número de páginas | 9 |
| Publicación | Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines |
| Volumen | 61 |
| N.º | 5 |
| DOI | |
| Estado | Published - may. 1 2020 |
Nota bibliográfica
Funding Information:The work leading to this publication has been supported by funding from the Canada Research Chairs Program (award number 231397), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant reference numbers 124976, 142738 and 148394), the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD) Independent Investigator Grant 24684, Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation (grants 275319, 1716 and 353892) and the Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation. A.Z. and E.H.V. have been supported by the Lindsay Family Graduate Studentships. V.D. was supported by the CIHR Doctoral Award (157975). The authors would like to thank the families who have participated in FORBOW. The authors would also like to acknowledge the contributions of the FORBOW research team ( http://www.forbow.org ). The authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest to declare.
Funding Information:
The work leading to this publication has been supported by funding from the Canada Research Chairs Program (award number 231397), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant reference numbers 124976, 142738 and 148394), the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD) Independent Investigator Grant 24684, Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation (grants 275319, 1716 and 353892) and the Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation. A.Z. and E.H.V. have been supported by the Lindsay Family Graduate Studentships. V.D. was supported by the CIHR Doctoral Award (157975). The authors would like to thank the families who have participated in FORBOW. The authors would also like to acknowledge the contributions of the FORBOW research team (http://www.forbow.org). The authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest declare.Key points It has commonly been assumed that exposure to adversity causes mental disorders and lower cognitive ability. However, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower cognitive ability may also render individuals more likely to experience adversity. We tested associations between exposure to adversity and externalizing symptoms, cognitive ability and polygenic scores for ADHD, intelligence and schizophrenia. We found that genetic liability to ADHD is associated with exposure to adversity among young offspring at familial risk for mood and psychotic disorders. This finding was significant among individuals with and without a diagnosis of ADHD. Future research could examine mechanisms underlying the relationship between genetic liability to ADHD and adversity, including the role of parental polygenic scores and offspring exposure to adversity. It has commonly been assumed that exposure to adversity causes mental disorders and lower cognitive ability. However, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower cognitive ability may also render individuals more likely to experience adversity. We tested associations between exposure to adversity and externalizing symptoms, cognitive ability and polygenic scores for ADHD, intelligence and schizophrenia. We found that genetic liability to ADHD is associated with exposure to adversity among young offspring at familial risk for mood and psychotic disorders. This finding was significant among individuals with and without a diagnosis of ADHD. Future research could examine mechanisms underlying the relationship between genetic liability to ADHD and adversity, including the role of parental polygenic scores and offspring exposure to adversity.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health
ASJC Scopus Subject Areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
- Developmental and Educational Psychology
- Psychiatry and Mental health
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