Safety and tolerability of cyclosporine and cyclosporine microemulsion during 18 months of follow-up in stable renal transplant recipients

Background: There has been concern that the increased drug exposure associated with treatment with cyclosporine microemulsion (CsA-ME) would lead to an increase in adverse events. Methods: The long-term safety and tolerability of conventional cyclosporine (CsA) and CsA-ME were compared in randomized, multicenter, pharmacoepidemiologic study involving 1097 stable renal transplant patients after 18 months of follow-up. Results: No significant difference was seen in change in serum creatinine or calculated creatinine clearance between the two groups. Episodes of deterioration in renal function (change in serum creatinine ≤20%) were categorized with the following results for CsA-ME versus CsA, respectively: acute rejection, 4.5% vs 4.5%; chronic rejection 8% vs. 11%; CsA nephrotoxicity, 12% vs. 7% (P=0.008); transient changes, 17% vs. 12%; other causes, 4% vs. 6%. During the first 6 months of the study, a transient increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal and neurological adverse events was seen in the CsA-ME group compared with the CsA group. Up to 18 months, patients in the CsA group reported significantly fewer hearing and vestibular disorders, but more cardiovascular problems than those in the CsA-ME group (P=0.035). Conclusions: Tolerance to CsA and CsA-ME was similar. Renal function over 18 months was not adversely affected by the increased drug exposure with CsA- ME, although there was a transient increase in nephrotoxicity. The frequency of acute and chronic rejection did not change.