Upper ocean carbon export, horizontal transport, and vertical eddy diffusitivity in the southwestern Gulf of Maine

The naturally occurring radionuclides ²³²Th and ⁷Be were used to investigate the magnitude of upper ocean particulate organic carbon export and the rate of vertical eddy diffusion in the southwestern Gulf of Maine. Sampling occurred during the spring (March, April) and summer (July, August) of 1997. Both non-steady-state and horizontal transport models were assessed and found to be very important for the accurate determination of ²³⁴Th export. Upper ocean particulate organic carbon export was estimated using modeled ²³⁴Th export and the ratio of particulate organic carbon to ²³⁴Th on GF/F filters. Our measurements demonstrate that the southwestern Gulf of Maine is typical of many coastal regimes, having an organic carbon export ratio (particulate export/primary production) which ranges from 9 to 49% depending on the depth of integration and primary productivity estimate. ⁷Be derived estimates of vertical eddy diffusivity into summer surface waters ranged form 0.5 to 1.5 cm² sec^-1, and show that this mechanism is sufficient to support the amount of 'new' nitrogen required for the measured particulate carbon export.