Resumen
Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate worldwide and is often diagnosed at late stages, requiring genotoxic chemotherapy with significant side effects. Cancer prevention has become a major focus, including the use of dietary and supplemental antioxidants. Thus, we investigated the ability of an antioxidant formulation (AOX1) to reduce DNA damage in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) with and without the combination of apple peel flavonoid fraction (AF4), or its major constituent quercetin (Q), or Q-3-O-D-glucoside (Q3G) in vitro. To model smoke-related genotoxic-ity, we used cigarette-smoke hydrocarbon 4-[(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamino]-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKOAc) as well as methotrexate (MTX) to induce DNA damage in BEAS-2B cells. DNA fragmentation, γ-H2AX immunofluorescence, and comet assays were used as indicators of DNA damage. Pre-exposure to AOX1 alone or in combination with AF4, Q, or Q3G before challenging with NNKOAc and MTX significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA damage in BEAS-2B cells. Although NNKOAc-induced DNA damage activated ATM-Rad3-related (ATR) and Chk1 kinase in BEAS-2B cells, pre-exposure of the cells with tested antioxidants prior to carcinogen challenge significantly reduced their activation and levels of γ-H2AX (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, AOX1 alone or combined with flavonoids holds promise as a chemoprotectant by reducing ROS and DNA damage to attenuate activation of ATR kinase following carcinogen exposure.
Idioma original | English |
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Número de artículo | 1665 |
Publicación | Biomedicines |
Volumen | 9 |
N.º | 11 |
DOI | |
Estado | Published - nov. 2021 |
Nota bibliográfica
Funding Information:Funding: This research was funded by Mitacs-Accelerate Program and Cora Therapeutics, Toronto, ON, Canada [grant number FR65693].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
ASJC Scopus Subject Areas
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
- General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology
PubMed: MeSH publication types
- Journal Article