Model predictive control of a mixed battery array for electricity grid storage

My Discovery Grant program will develop a new model-predictive-control strategy to optimize performance of battery energy storage systems using repurposed electric vehicle batteries in a second-life application for electricity grid storage. Model-predictive-control of energy storage is in its infancy, and has not yet been applied to second-life applications. Lithium ion batteries have become the choice technology for utility grade electricity grid energy storage due to long life and high energy efficiency. However, they are often subsidized due to high cost ($350/kWh). Most lithium ion batteries are presently used for electric vehicles (EV). At end of vehicle life the EV batteries may be repurposed into a second-life for grid storage. While the batteries may have degraded to 75% of their original capacity, this is acceptable for stationary applications, and the very low purchase price of used batteries is compelling (