Résumé
Objective: Alcohol and cannabis misuse are related to impaired cognition. When inferring causality, four nonexclusive theoretical models can account for this association: 1) a common underlying vulnerability model; 2) a neuroplasticity model in which impairment is concurrent with changes in substance use but temporary because of neuroplastic brain processes that restore function; 3) a neurotoxicity model of long-term impairment consequential to substance use; and 4) a developmental sensitivity hypothesis of age-specific effects. Using a developmentally sensitive design, the authors investigated relationships between year-to-year changes in substance use and cognitive development. Method: A population-based sample of 3,826 seventh-grade students from 31 schools consisting of 5% of all students entering high school in 2012 and 2013 in the Greater Montreal region were assessed annually for 4 years on alcohol and cannabis use, recall memory, perceptual reasoning, inhibition, and working memory, using school-based computerized assessments. Multilevel regression models, performed separately for each substance, were used to simultaneously test vulnerability (between-subject) and concurrent and lagged within-subject effects on each cognitive domain. Results: Common vulnerability effects were detected for cannabis and alcohol on all domains. Cannabis use, but not alcohol consumption, showed lagged (neurotoxic) effects on inhibitory control and working memory and concurrent effects on delayed memory recall and perceptual reasoning (with some evidence of developmental sensitivity). Cannabis effects were independent of any alcohol effects. Conclusions: Beyond the role of cognition in vulnerability to substance use, the concurrent and lasting effects of adolescent cannabis use can be observed on important cognitive functions and appear to be more pronounced than those observed for alcohol.
| Langue d'origine | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (de-à) | 98-106 |
| Nombre de pages | 9 |
| Journal | American Journal of Psychiatry |
| Volume | 176 |
| Numéro de publication | 2 |
| DOI | |
| Statut de publication | Published - févr. 2019 |
| Publié à l'externe | Oui |
Note bibliographique
Funding Information:From the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal; and the Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Conrod (patricia.conrod@umontreal.ca). Supported by grant FRN114887 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (principal investigator, Dr. Conrod). Mr. Morin was supported by
Funding Information:
a doctoral fellowship from the Fonds de Recherche du Québec en Santé. Ms. Bourque was supported by a doctoral fellowship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Dr. Stewart was supported by an Insight Grant (435-2015-17) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the Canada Research Chair program. Dr. Conrod was supported by a senior investigator award from the Fonds de Recherche du Québec en Santé.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Psychiatric Association. All Rights Reserved.
ASJC Scopus Subject Areas
- Psychiatry and Mental health
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