High-burden cancers in middle-income countries: A review of prevention and early detection strategies targeting at-risk populations

Cancer incidence is rising in low- and especially middle-cancer screen-and-treat strategies, and efforts to reduce income countries (MIC), driven primarily by four high-patient and health system–related delays in the early burden cancers (breast, cervix, lung, colorectal). By 2030, detection of breast and colorectal cancer represent the more than two-thirds of all cancer deaths will occur in highest yield strategies for advancing cancer control in MICs. Prevention and early detection are required many MICs. An initial focus on high-risk populations is alongside efforts to improve access to cancer treatment. appropriate, with increasing population coverage as Successful strategies for decreasing cancer mortality in resources allow. These strategies can deliver significant high-income countries are not always effective, feasible or cancer mortality gains, and serve as a foundation from affordable in other countries. In this review, we evaluate which countries can develop comprehensive cancer con-strategies for prevention and early detection of breast, trol programs. Investment in national cancer surveillance cervix, lung, and colorectal cancers, focusing on modifiinfrastructure is needed; the absence of national cancer able risk factors and high-risk subpopulations. Tobacco data to identify at-risk groups remains a barrier to the taxation, human papilloma virus vaccination, cervical development of context-specific cancer control strategies.