Social Disparities in the Diagnosis and Care of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction

Purpose of Review: To critically evaluate the recent literature on the impact of social disparities on the diagnosis and treatment in the care of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Recent Findings: Understanding the impact of racial and social disparities in patients with LUTD has recently been an area of great interest. Global patient diversity is steadily increasing. Studies investigating the links between socio-economic status (SES) and other cultural factors are becoming ubiquitous in urologic research. Due to increased reporting, the relationships between racial and social disparities and their influence on LUTD are finally being identified. Summary: Patient race, ethnicity, and SES appear to have a significant effect on the prevalence, access to care, and the efficacy of treatment provided for LUTD. Social and racial disparities are unique in their burden to patients based on the symptomology and the LUTD experienced. Lower SES and being a non-White minority are commonly associated with increased prevalence, worse symptoms, and suboptimal care in LUTD. Patient-centered care which is inclusive of patient race, ethnicity, and SES is crucial in providing appropriate urological care.