Abstract
The effect of beverages commonly consumed by children in-between or with meals on short-term food intake (FI) and glycemic control has received little attention. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted in 9- to 14-year-old children following a randomized repeated-measures design. Experiment 1 (n = 32) compared the effects of water (control) and isocaloric (130 kcal) amounts of 2% milk, chocolate milk, yogurt drink, and fruit punch on subjective appetite and FI. Experiment 2 (n = 20) compared the effects of isocaloric (130 kcal) amounts of 2% milk and fruit punch on subjective appetite, FI, and glycemic and appetite hormone responses. One serving of the beverages was given as a pre-meal drink at baseline (0 min) and a second serving 60 min later with an ad libitum pizza meal. Meal FI in experiment 1 was lower by 14% and 10%, respectively, after chocolate milk and yogurt drink (p < 0.001), but not milk, compared with water. Cumulative energy intake (beverages plus meal) was higher after caloric beverages than water. In experiment 2, no differences occurred in pre-meal but post-meal glucose was 83% higher in overweight/obese than normal-weight children (p = 0.02). Milk led to higher pre-meal glucagon-like peptide-1 and post-meal peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) than fruit punch (p < 0.01) but insulin did not differ between treatments. In conclusion, dairy products consumed before and with a meal have more favourable effects on FI, appetite, and satiety hormones than a sugarsweetened beverage, but all caloric beverages result in more cumulative calories than if water is the beverage.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 302-310 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism |
Volume | 42 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2017 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors thank Ting Ting Liu, Hannah Vien, Chesarahmia Dojo Soeandy, Minja Simeunovic, Nikita Ambekar, Sofiya Porodko, Parneeta Singh, Jessica Chu, Melanie Yeung, Munaza Jumil, Cheryl Arneson, and Ruslan Kubant for assistance with the project, as well as the parents and children enrolled in the studies for their participation. This study was supported by the Dairy Research Cluster, Dairy Farmers of Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and the Canadian Dairy Commission (Fund no. 495981). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved.
ASJC Scopus Subject Areas
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- Physiology
- Nutrition and Dietetics
- Physiology (medical)